Hip-hop is just like any other music culture, despite the efforts of Afrika Bambaataa and the early rap journalists who have added elements to it that don't really belong. Typically you'll hear people say that hip-hop culture consists of DJ'ing, MC'ing, Break Dancing, and Graphitti art. This classification never made sense to me. I won't go into why I think this is wrong or why it happened. Instead I'll correct this 25 year old mistake by describing the real 4 elements of hip-hop and leave it at that.
Let the blasphemy begin.
1. Hip-hop Music- it typically consists of MC'ing and DJ'ing but can also be R&B (or as some now accurately call it "hip-hop soul"). For example, Whitney Houston is R&B, Ashanti is hip-hop soul. The common thread of hip-hop music is not rapping, but the beat. Whatever someone does over a break beat can be considered hip-hop music. Ask Andre 3000.
2. Hip-hop Dancing- it's bigger than just breaking. What about the wop? What about the Harlem shake? And Crip walking?
3. Hip-hop Style- as with any music culture the fans of the music always adopt a similiar style of clothes, slang, etc. I think the biggest misconception about hip-hop style is that it's synonomous with Black style. A day's walk through my college campus would prove that there's a distinct fashion that Black folks have that is not influenced by hip-hop culture.
4. Hip-hop Mentality- fans who live hip-hop culture have a similiar outlook on life. For better or worse it seems to be mostly derived from gang culture. That's why we all have street names (mine's Madison), crew affiliations (what up Wordsmiths!), and we rep our neighborhood as if we we were gangster's protecting our turf. Another part of the hip-hop mentality is the entrepreneural spirit or more plainly, the "Get money" attitude. Every rapper has a side business and plenty of my friends have a side hustle.
So there you go. I grouped together the MC'ing and DJ'ing, expanded break dancing to include all of hip-hop dance, and dropped graphitti in favor of the culture's style and mentality. Graph seems to have it's own laws, history, and culture outside of hip-hop. The only relationship is that both hip-hop and graphitti are done by kids in urban areas.
Nothing about the real 4 elements should seem ground breaking or controversial. For those who live hip-hop culture this is what they've been doing naturally. I'm sure though that the myth of the traditional elements will continue. So much of what's been written about hip-hop culture is structured around it. And honestly, the myth is more exotic then the truth- hip-hop is just like any other music culture.